They are liable to be incomplete and their informal nature makes this incompleteness difficult to detect. They focus on functional requirements rather than non-functional requirements. Representing cross-cutting system requirements such as performance and reliability is impossible when stories are used. The relationship between the system architecture and the user stories is unclear so architectural design is difficult. Your comparison should be based on the effectiveness of each approach for planning the allocation of people to projects, estimating the cost of projects, maintaining team cohesion and managing changes in project team membership.
Planning allocation of people to projects Scrum Scrum handles people allocation informally. Alternatively, the tasks can be allocated by the Scrum master. There is no formal mechanism in Scrum for planning for project members with very specific expertise to be temporarily allocated to a team. This need must be identified by the Scrum master and he or she has to discuss how the expertise can be made available. The expertise required for each part can then be identified and the allocation of people to projects planned on that basis.
Estimating project costs Scrum Project costs are estimated based on the required delivery date for the software and people working in the Scrum team. The functionality of the system is adjusted so that some working system will always be delivered for the original cost estimation.
Of course, this may not be adequate for the customer and they have to become involved in rescheduling the delivery of the system. Plan-based development Project costs are based on an analysis of the functionality specified in the requirements document as well as the non-functional requirements of the system.
They may be adjusted to reflect team size and delivery schedule. It is normal for costs to be underestimated and the final project to cost much more than originally estimated. An average cost for team members is assumed. Maintaining team cohesion Scrum Team member meet daily either face to face or electronically. Extensive informal discussions and communications are encouraged. Team members negotiate work to be done from the project backlog. This all leads to a shared feeling of product ownership and a very cohesive team.
Plan-based development Team cohesion is the responsibility of the project manager and he or she has to take explicit actions to encourage this. The general approach relies on formal meetings that are relatively infrequent and this does not lead to the development of a cohesive team. Managing changes in project team membership Scrum This is a topic that is rarely discussed in Scrum but is a fundamental problem because so much information is informal and reliant on people remembering what has been agreed.
When someone leaves, it can be very difficult to bring a replacement team member up to speed, especially if very little project documentation is available. Therefore, if a team member leaves, then a new team member with comparable expertise can read what has been done and, after understanding this, should be able to serve as a replacement. Project planning is often essential when developing software with larger teams to a ensure that the right people are available when they are needed to be involved in the development process and b ensure that the delivery schedules of different parts of the system developed by different teams are aligned.
Requirements analysis and documentation is important to decide how to distribute the work across teams and to ensure that each team has some understanding of what other teams are doing. Design documentation especially interface specifications are important so that teams can develop independently without having access to software that is under development.
Risk management may be required to ensure that all of the teams understand the risks faced and can organize their work to minimize these risks. Risk management may also be useful to cope with different delivery schedules used by different teams.
That is, they adopt the outlook of the development team and lose sight of the needs of their user colleagues. Suggest three ways how you might avoid this problem and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Involve multiple users in the development team. Advantages are you get multiple perspectives on the problem, better coverage of user tasks and hence requirements and less likelihood of having an atypical user.
Disadvantages are cost, difficulties of getting user engagement and possible user conflicts. Change the user who is involved with the team. Advantages are, again, multiple perspectives. Disadvantages are each user takes time to be productive and possible conflicting requirements from different users. Validate user suggestions with other user representatives. Advantages are independent check on suggestions; disadvantage is that this slows down the development process as it takes time to do the checks.
Users select their destination and input a credit card and a personal identification number. The rail ticket is issued and their credit card account charged. When the user presses the start button, a menu display of potential destinations is activated, along with a message to the user to select a destination and the type of ticket required.
Once a destination has been selected, the ticket price is displayed and customers are asked to input their credit card. Its validity is checked and the user is then asked to input their personal identifier PIN. When the credit transaction has been validated, the ticket is issued. Ambiguities and omissions include: 1.
Can a customer buy several tickets for the same destination together or must they be bought one at a time? Can customers cancel a request if a mistake has been made? How should the system respond if an invalid card is input? What happens if customers try to put their card in before selecting a destination as they would in ATM machines?
Must the user press the start button again if they wish to buy another ticket to a different destination?
Should the system only sell tickets between the station where the machine is situated and direct connections or should it include all possible destinations? Possible non-functional requirements for the ticket issuing system include: 1. Between and in any one day, the total system down time should not exceed 5 minutes. Between and in any one day, the recovery time after a system failure should not exceed 2 minutes. Between and in any one day, the total system down time should not exceed 20 minutes.
All these are availability requirements — note that these vary according to the time of day. Failures when most people are traveling are less acceptable than failures when there are few customers.
After the customer presses a button on the machine, the display should be updated within 0. The ticket issuing time after credit card validation has been received should not exceed 10 seconds. When validating credit cards, the display should provide a status message for customers indicating that activity is taking place. This tells the customer that the potentially time consuming activity of validation is still in progress and that the system has not simply failed.
By entering the data of each match, we can get all types of reports instantly, which will be useful to call back the history of each player. Also, the team performance in each match can be obtained. We can get a report on the number of matches, wins, and losses. This SE project is very useful for Cricket match broadcasters to get information quickly. Also for Cricket lovers who are very much interested in Cricket Statistics. In other words, this document will provide a basis for validation and verification.
This system will help to manage all the data of the criminals of a jail. There are either only web-based applications or it is driven manually in most of the organizations.
The application will provide a multiuser platform. With the help of this document, the needs of the police officers to get data of criminals anytime will be completed with very ease. E-boutique is an electronic commerce system which provides means by which customer can view available boutiques. Browse for more information about the boutique, select the boutique of their choice, and can make payment.
The boutique manager will be able to add, edit and view services provided by boutiques. Healthcare is an app that will provide a platform where people can search for medical care. It also provides facilities for booking appointments of doctors. This app first asks the user to log in or signup which will help them to get notifications about medical services present in their location. Based on their location, the users can access physicians, dentists, path labs, and medical stores.
The user can also book an appointment doing payment through a debit card. They can also make changes in the appointment schedule i. This software will help the company to be more efficient in the registration of their patients and manage appointments, records of patients. It enables doctors and admin to view and modify appointment schedules if required. The purpose of this project is to computerize all details regarding patient details and hospital details.
The project is an authentication system that validates users for accessing the system only when they input the correct password. The project involves three levels of user authentication. There are varieties of password systems available, many of which have failed due to bot attacks while few have sustained it but to a limit. In short, almost all the passwords available today can be broken to a limit. Hence this project is aimed to achieve the highest security in authenticating users.
The Online Complaint Portal web application is intended to allow the Citizen of India to express his problems to the government authorities.
Through this, a citizen can file complaints regarding any area in Delhi. Atlee and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices. Has written a version of the book for. Engineering theory and practice fourth edition shari lawrence pfleeger zip. Software Engineering has 70 ratings and 2. Unlike static PDF Software Engineering Theory and Practice solution manuals or printed answer keys, our experts show you how to solve each.
Shari Lawrence Pfleeger Ph. Pfleeger began her career as a mathematician and then a software developer and maintainer for real-time, business-critical software systems.
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